PFISTER Rodo (2022) Chapter 22. The sexual body techniques of early and medieval China – underlying emic theories and basic methods of a non-reproductive sexual scenario for non-same-sex partners, in: LO Vivienne, STANLEY-BAKER Michael, YANG Dolly (eds.) (2022) Routledge Handbook of Chinese Medicine. London: Routledge, pp. 337-355. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203740262-26 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203740262-26#! The sexual body techniques of early and medieval China are treated heuristically to form a sexual scenario for non-same-sex partners that is discussed in (1) textual sources dating from approximately 200 BCE to 1000 CE. These texts were transmitted and reformulated throughout this period as part of the wider sexual knowledge culture of imperial China (Wells and Yao Ping 2015; Yao Ping 2018). Minimal referential series of short extracts taken from such primary sources will be presented in a historical order to illustrate some fairly consistent basic ideas, concepts, theories and practical advice documented therein. This concise review discusses (2) general aspects of the sexual scenario of early and medieval China in which gender-specifc roles during the sexual encounter must be emphasised. As 'essence' is considered to be the most precious generative fuid in the human body, men are advised to (3) deal with male essence as a scarce good, and thus learn to avoid emission and ejaculation during a sexual encounter. In stark contrast to this male preoccupation with containment, women are thought to be a superior source of nourishment. (4) Repeated female ejaculation provides the 'female essence' that can be absorbed by the man. (5) Performing a sexual encounter means mutual stimulation to this end during foreplay and onset phase, followed by a series of penetrative 'advances' with 'intermissions', and culminating in a 'grand finale'.

Introduction. During sexual stimulation, some women report the discharge of a noticeable amount of fluid from the urethra, a phenomenon also called " squirting. " To date, both the nature and the origin of squirting remain controversial. In this investigation, we not only analyzed the biochemical nature of the emitted fluid, but also explored the presence of any pelvic liquid collection that could result from sexual arousal and explain a massive fluid emission. Methods. Seven women, without gynecologic abnormalities and who reported recurrent and massive fluid emission during sexual stimulation, underwent provoked sexual arousal. Pelvic ultrasound scans were performed after voluntary urination (US1), and during sexual stimulation just before (US2) and after (US3) squirting. Urea, creatinine, uric acid, and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations were assessed in urinary samples before sexual stimulation (BSU) and after squirting (ASU), and squirting sample itself (S). Results. In all participants, US1 confirmed thorough bladder emptiness. After a variable time of sexual excitation, US2 (just before squirting) showed noticeable bladder filling, and US3 (just after squirting) demonstrated that the bladder had been emptied again. Biochemical analysis of BSU, S, and ASU showed comparable urea, creatinine, and uric acid concentrations in all participants. Yet, whereas PSA was not detected in BSU in six out of seven participants, this antigen was present in S and ASU in five out of seven participants. Conclusions. The present data based on ultrasonographic bladder monitoring and biochemical analyses indicate that squirting is essentially the involuntary emission of urine during sexual activity, although a marginal contribution of prostatic secretions to the emitted fluid often exists. Salama S, Boitrelle F, Gauquelin A, Malagrida L, Thiounn N, and Desvaux P. Nature and origin of " squirting " in female sexuality. J Sex Med **;**:**–**.

Introduction – Historical Myths of Sex in Biology and Archaeology In the late 18 th and 19 th century, biologists and physicians became acutely involved in trying to confirm women and men as natural opposites with sex-specific mental abilities. This involved a historical change in the perception of sex – from seeing the female as a version of the male sex to two sexes with entirely different bodies, minds and behaviors. Differences between men and women earlier expressed in terms of gender now came with explicit reference to anatomical sex, to biology (Laqueur 1990:152f). The move from a one-sex model to a two-sex model had a lot more to do with politics, ideology and power struggles rather than with advances in scientific knowledge. Claims of sexual difference could be used to support or reject claims about women's and men's behavior in all kinds of contexts, from the social, political and cultural to the erotic and sexual. Contemporary politics of gender deeply affected bi...